Land Measurement Units in India
Land measurement units in India vary from state to state. Measurement of land in North India is done in units such as Bigha, Biswa, Marla, Kanal, Kattha etc. whereas units used in Southern states include Ground, Cent, Ankanam, Guntha etc. Sizes of units like Bigha, Biswa and Katha also vary from state to state. Although there is an increase in the use of standard units such as Square Feet, Square Yards, Square Meters, Acres and Hectares, local units are still used all across India for measurement of land. We realized that such important information about land measurement units in India is fragmented and should be assimilated at one place. Hence, in this Guide, we have collated all major land measurement units used in India and provided area conversion table & length conversion table for better understanding. For quick conversion of area, check out Land Area Converter.
Area Conversion Table
Following Area Conversion Table gives important conversion factors and a brief description about all area units.
| Area Unit | Area Conversion Factor | Remarks |
| 1 Ankanam | 72 sqft | 1 Acre is equal to 605 Ankanams. Unit used in parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. |
| 1 Acre | 4840 sqyd | Standard Unit to measure land, used in India and internationally. |
| 1 Are | 100 sqmtr | 1 hectare is equal to 100 ares. |
| 1 Bigha – Assam/ Bengal | 1600 sqyd | Bigha size in Assam and Bengal. |
| 1 Bigha – Pucca (Bihar/ UP-I/ Rajasthan-I/ Punjab-I/ Haryana-I) | 3025 sqyd | Pucca Bigha is measured by Shahjahani Jarib of length 165 ft. 1 Pucca Bigha = 165 ft X 165ft. Used in Bihar and parts of UP, Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana. |
| 1 Bigha (Gujarat/ Rajasthan-II) | 1936 sqyd | Bigha size used in Gujarat and some parts of Rajsthan. It is measured by Gantari Jarib of length 132 ft. 1 Bigha = 132 ft X 132 ft. |
| 1 Bigha (HP-I/ Uttarakhand-I) | 968 sqyd | Bigha size used in parts of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. |
| 1 Bigha (HP-II/ Uttarakhand-II) | 900 sqyd | Bigha size used in parts of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. |
| 1 Bigha (MP) | 1333.33 sqyd | Bigha size used in parts of Madhya Pradesh. |
| 1 Bigha- Kachha (Punjab-II/ Haryana-II/ UP-II) | 1008.33 sqyd | Kachha Bigha is one-third of Pucca Bigha. Used in parts of Punjab, Haryana & U.P. where settlement (bandobast/ chakbandi) has not happened. |
| 1 Biswa – Pucca (UP-I/ Rajasthan-I/ Punjab-I/ Haryana-I) | 151.25 sqyd | 1/20 Bigha (Pucca) |
| 1 Biswa – Rajasthan II | 96.8 sqyd | 1/20 Bigha (Rajasthan-II) |
| 1 Biswa (HP-I/ Uttarakhand-I) | 48.4 sqyd | 1/20 Bigha (HP-I/ UK-I) |
| 1 Biswa (HP-II/ Uttarakhand-II) | 45 sqyd | 1/20 Bigha (HP-II/ UK-II) |
| 1 Biswa (Kaccha) – (Punjab-II/ Haryana-II/ UP-II) | 50.417 sqyd | 1/20 Bigha (Kaccha). |
| 1 Biswansi | 1/20 Biswa | 1 Biswa has 20 Biswansis. Unit used in UP, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Each state has a different value for Biswansi depending on the value of Biswa/ Bigha used. |
| 1 Centiare | 1 sqmtr | 1 Are is equal to 100 Centiares. |
| 1 Cent | 435.6 sqft | 1 Acre is equal to 100 cents. Unit used in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka. |
| 1 Chatak | 180 sqft | Unit used in West Bengal. 1 Katha (Bengal) is equal to 16 chataks. |
| 1 Decimal | 48.4 sqyd | 1 Acre is equal to 100 Decimals. Unit used in West Bengal. |
| 1 Dhur (Bihar/ Jharkhand) | 68.0625 sqft | 1 Kattha (Bihar) has 20 Dhurs. |
| 1 Dhur (Tripura) | 3.6 sqft | 20 Dhurs (Tripura) is equal to 1 Kranta. |
| 1 Ghumaon | 4840 sqyd | An Acre is also known as Ghumaon in some parts of Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab. |
| 1 Ground | 2400 sqft | Unit used in parts of Tamil Nadu. |
| 1 Guntha | 1089 sqft | Unit used in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka & Maharashtra. Measured as 33ft X 33 ft. 40 Gunthas equal 1 Acre. |
| 1 Hectare | 10000 sqmtr | An international unit to measure land, 1 hectare is equal to 100 ares or 10,000 sqmtr or 2.47 acres approximately. |
| 1 Kanal | 5445 sqft | 8 kanals is 1 acre. Unit used in Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir. |
| 1 Kattha (Assam) | 2880 sqft | 1 Bigha (Assam) is 5 Katthas (Assam). |
| 1 Kattha (Bengal) | 720 sqft | 1 Bigha (Bengal) has 20 Kathas. |
| 1 Kattha (Bihar) | 1361.25 sqft | 1 Bigha (Bihar) has 20 Kathas. |
| 1 Kattha (MP) | 600 sqft | 1 Bigha (MP) has 20 Kathas. |
| 1 Killa | 4840 sqyd | An Acre is also known as Killa in some parts of Haryana and Punjab. |
| 1 Kranta | 72 sqft | 1 Acre is equal to 605 Krantas. Unit used in Tripura. |
| 1 Kuncham | 484 sqyd | 1 Kuncham is equal to 10 cents. Unit used in Andhra Pradesh. |
| 1 Lecha | 144 sqft | 20 Lechas is 1 Kattha (Assam). |
| 1 Marla | 272.25 sqft | 20 marlas is 1 kanal. Unit used in Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir. |
| 1 Murabba | 25acres | 1 Murabba is 25 acres. Unit sometimes used in Punjabm Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. |
| 1 Nalli | 240sq yd | 1 Nalli is 240 sqyd. Unit used in Uttarakhand. |
| 1 Perch | 272.25 sqft | 1 Square Perch is equal to a square rod, 30.25 sqyds or 1/160th acre. |
| 1 Rood | 10890 sqft | 1 Rood is 1/4 of an acre. 40 square perches is equal to 1 Rood. |
| 1 Sarsahi (Square Karam) | 30.25 sqft | Measured as 1 karam X 1 karam (66in X 66in). 1 Marla has 9 Sarsahies. Unit sometimes used in Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. |
| 1 Shatak | 435.6 sqft | 1 Acre has 100 Shataks. |
| 1 Square Centimeters | 0.00107639 sqft | 1 Square Metres is 10000 Square Centimetres. |
| 1 Square Feet | 144 sq in | 1 feet is 12 inches. |
| 1 Square Inch | 0.0069444 sqft | 1 feet is 12 inches. |
| 1 Square Kilometer | 247.1 acres | Standard International Unit of area to measure land. 1 Sq km is 0.3861 Sq Miles, 100 Hectares, 247.1 Acres or 1000000 Sq Mtr. |
| 1 Square Meter | 10.76391042 sqft | Standard International Unit of area to measure land. 1 Sq Mtr is |
| 1 Square Mile | 640 acres | 1 Sq Mile is 2.59 Sqkm, 259 Hectares or 640 Acres. |
| 1 Square Yard | 9sqft. | 1 sq yd is 9 sq ft, measured as 3 ft X 3 ft. Also known as “Gaj” in India. |
Length Conversion Table
| Length Unit | Equals | Length Conversion Factor |
| 1 Centimeter (cm) | = | 10 mm, 0.01 m |
| 1 Chain (ch) | = | 66 ft, 22 yd (gaj), 100 links (kadi), 4 rods |
| 1 Feet (ft) | = | 12 inches, 30.48 cm |
| 1 Furlong | = | 660 ft, 220 yd, 40 rods, 10 chains |
| 1 Gaj | = | 1 yd, 0.91444 m, 3 ft, 36 in |
| 1 Gattha | = | 5.5 hath, 2.75 yd, 8.25 ft, 99 in |
| 1 Hath | = | 0.5 yd, 18 in, 1.5 ft |
| 1 Inch (in) | = | 2.54 cm, 0.0833 ft |
| 1 Jarib (Shahjahani) | = | 165 ft |
| 1 Jarib (Gantari) | = | 132 ft |
| 1 Karam | = | 66 in, 5.5 ft |
| 1 Kilometer (km) | = | 1000m, 3280.84 ft |
| 1 Meter (m) | = | 100 cm, 39.3701 in, 3.28084 ft |
| 1 Mile (mi) | = | 1.60934 km, 5280 ft |
| 1 Millimeter (mm) | = | 0.1 cm, 0.001m |
| 1 Perch/ Rod/Pole | = | 16.5 sqft, 5.5 yd |
| 1 Yard (yd) | = | 1 Gaj, 3 ft, 36 in, 0.91444 m |
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